Your lungs and a special muscle called the diaphragm work together to help you breathe. The diaphragm sits under your lungs like a stretchy balloon. When you breathe in, it pulls down, making more room in your chest and letting your lungs fill with air full of oxygen – something your body needs to stay alive! When you breathe out, the diaphragm pushes up, squeezing the air out and getting rid of things your body doesn’t need, like carbon dioxide. It’s like a perfectly timed dance between muscles and air that keeps you breathing without even thinking about it!

In this project delivered by Taylor, a member of the Rosie Innovators STEM program for young women in high school, you’ll build a model of the lungs and diaphragm to see exactly how breathing works. Ready to take a deep breath and dive in? Grab your materials and follow the steps below!

Required Materials

  • small plastic cup with a hole
  • Two small balloons
  • two small straws
  • large balloon
  • tape
  • scissors

Step-By-Step Instructions

Step 1

Ask an adult to help you poke a hole in the center of the bottom of the plastic cup using a drill or a sharp object. The hole should be just big enough for the two straws to fit through.

Step 2

Tape one water balloon securely to the end of each stirring straw. Make sure the water balloons are tightly attached and there are no gaps where air can escape.

Step 3

Flip the cup upside down so that the opening is facing down. Insert the straws through the hole from the cup opening so the water balloons are inside the cup.

Step 4

Move the straws up until they are a little more than halfway inside the cup.

Step 5

Tape around the straws and hole to ensure the straws stay in place and air can’t escape from the hole.

Step 6

Cut off the neck of the regular balloon and stretch the remaining part of the balloon over the wide opening of the plastic cup. You might need help from someone else to stretch it securely.

Step 7

The lung model is complete. To see it in action, pull down on the bottom balloon to inflate the “lungs” inside the cup.

Real Women in STEM

Resource 1

Dr. Claudia Henschke

Dr. Claudia Henschke is a radiologist and professor of radiology best known for pioneering the use of low-dose CT scans for early lung cancer detection. Her work has transformed lung cancer screening, enabling early diagnosis and treatment that has saved countless lives.